NHA Algebra 1 Curriculum Analysis

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NHA Algebra 1 Unit 1: Three-Lesson Comparative Analysis

Comprehensive Summary of Lessons 1-3

This document synthesizes findings from individual lesson analyses to identify patterns in "the NHA way".

Executive Summary

After analyzing the first three lessons of NHA's Algebra 1 curriculum, clear patterns emerge that define "the NHA way":

  1. Problem-based learning where students construct understanding before procedures are formalized
  2. Orchestrated classroom discourse using the 5 Practices (Anticipate, Monitor, Select, Sequence, Connect)
  3. Multiple representations valued equally, with explicit connections made across all forms
  4. Progressive scaffolding from concrete to abstract with intentional preparation
  5. Productive struggle embraced as learning, not avoided
  6. Timing evolution from unrealistic (Lesson 1) to realistic two-day structure (Lesson 3)

Quality progression: Lessons improve from B+ (90%) → A- (91%) → A (94%), showing curriculum refinement and responsiveness to implementation realities.


Part 1: Comparative Overview

Lesson Basics

Aspect Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3
Lesson Type Develop Understanding Develop Understanding Develop Understanding
Time Structure Single 55-min (actually 74 min) Single 55-min (actually 56-61 min) TWO 55-min periods
Main Concept Variables represent patterns, seeing structure Arithmetic sequences, function notation Geometric sequences, exponential growth
Overall Grade B+ (90%) A- (91%) A (94%)

The 5 Practices Across Lessons

All three lessons implement the 5 Practices, but with increasing sophistication:

Practice Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3
Anticipate 4+ strategies anticipated 2 visual methods, recursive thinking issue 2 visual methods, common difference failure, exponent difficulty
Monitor Press for visual connections Help stuck students make table/graph Watch for common difference attempt (productive failure)
Select 2-4 different grouping methods Visual, table, graph, recursive Visual methods, failed common difference, doubling pattern
Sequence Color → Groups → Constants → Area Visuals → Equations → Table → Graph Visuals → Contrast with arithmetic → Ratio → Recursive → Explicit
Connect Focus on "ways of seeing" Show 4t+1 from different perspectives Show multiplying vs adding, exponents from repeated multiplication

Pattern: Sequencing becomes more sophisticated. Lesson 3 intentionally includes productive failure in the sequence.


Part 5: "The NHA Way" - Defining Characteristics

1. Multiple Representations Valued Equally

Evidence from Lessons:

  • L1: Tiles → Groupings → Expressions (multiple equivalent forms valued)
  • L2: Visual → Table → Graph → Recursive → Explicit (all four labeled with same features)
  • L3: All representations + contrast between types (arithmetic vs geometric)

2. Vocabulary After Experience

What This Looks Like:

  • Terms introduced at END of lesson, after conceptual work
  • Students need language to describe what they've done
  • Vocabulary is motivated, not arbitrary

Evidence from Lessons:

  • L1: "Variable," "expression," "equivalent" after 64 minutes of pattern work
  • L2: "Arithmetic sequence," "recursive/explicit" after experiencing both equation types
  • L3: "Geometric sequence," "common ratio" after discovering adding doesn't work

3. Productive Struggle in Community

What This Looks Like:

  • Problems designed to require reasoning (not just procedure application)
  • Discussion builds on varied student approaches
  • Teacher facilitates, doesn't lecture
  • Class learns from each other's methods

Part 6: Conclusion

Summary of Findings

"The NHA Way" is defined by:

  1. Orchestrated classroom discourse (5 Practices)
  2. Multiple representations with explicit connections
  3. Sense-making over procedures
  4. Vocabulary after conceptual experience
  5. Productive struggle in community
  6. Rich, accessible tasks with multiple entry points
  7. Progressive scaffolding from concrete to abstract
  8. Realistic implementation (by Lesson 3's two-day model)

Quality improves across lessons:

  • B+ (90%) → A- (91%) → A (94%)
  • Implementation practicality improves dramatically (78% → 88% → 96%)
  • Two-day structure in Lesson 3 solves timing problems from Lessons 1-2

Critical decision for stakeholders:
Self-paced AI can deliver high-quality instruction, but it will be philosophically different from "the NHA way." The question is whether the benefits of AI (adaptive pacing, personalized practice, interactive visualizations) compensate for the loss of peer discourse and community-based learning.

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NHA Pedagogical Framework Summary

Understanding "The NHA Way" for Algebra 1

Based on analysis of Main-guides materials


Core Philosophy: Problem-Based Learning

NHA's approach prioritizes sense-making and reasoning over memorization and drill. The philosophy states:

  • Students actively engage rather than passively listen
  • Procedural skills evolve FROM and are connected TO conceptual understanding
  • Mathematics is "shared by the class, rather than owned by the teacher"
  • "Mathematics is not a spectator sport"

The CMI Framework

NHA bases their curriculum on the BYU-CITES CMI framework, which has two interconnected components:

1. Teaching Cycle (The Daily Lesson Structure)

Every lesson follows a 4-part cycle:

ENGAGE (Launch)

  • Whole class setting, teacher-guided
  • Activates background knowledge
  • Low-stakes environment for creative thinking
  • Often uses "Notice and Wonder" routine

PROBLEM (Explore)

  • Students work individually first, then collaborate in small groups
  • Students grapple with rich mathematical tasks
  • Teacher uses "Anticipate and Monitor" charts

DISCUSSION (Discuss)

  • Teacher uses carefully selected and sequenced student work
  • Students present building on one another's ideas
  • Guided by the 5 Practices

KEY POINTS (Takeaways)

  • Big ideas are explicitly named and recorded
  • Teacher formalizes concepts with appropriate vocabulary/notation

2. Learning Cycle (The Unit Structure)

DEVELOP Understanding Lessons

Surface students' ideas and strategies. New concepts emerge from student thinking. Focus: Conceptual understanding.

SOLIDIFY Understanding Lessons

Examine and justify initial thinking. Extend strategies to other situations. Focus: Making connections.

PRACTICE Understanding Lessons

Build fluency and generalizability. Transfer knowledge to new situations. Focus: Procedural fluency.


The 5 Practices for Orchestrating Discussion

Every lesson explicitly incorporates:

  1. ANTICIPATE student thinking before the lesson
  2. MONITOR students during Problem phase
  3. SELECT student work that will advance class thinking
  4. SEQUENCE student work to build a "mathematical story"
  5. CONNECT presented work to build understanding

Practice Structure: Ready, Set, Go

Each lesson includes distributed practice problems:

  1. RETRIEVAL - Preview with teacher support, reviews prior concepts
  2. READY - Activate background skills for upcoming lessons
  3. SET - Practice today's lesson content
  4. GO - Reengage with previously learned math

Key Instructional Routines

  1. Pause and Record - Formalizing ideas
  2. Pause and Reflect - 3-5 min partner discussions
  3. Notice and Wonder - Low-stakes entry to problems
  4. Think-Pair-Share - Individual → Partner → Whole class
  5. Which One Doesn't Belong - Compare/contrast representations
  6. Error Analysis - Structured routine to identify and correct errors
  7. Vocabulary Routine - Say, choral response, define, annotate, write

What Makes This Distinct?

  1. Highly Structured Discourse Framework - 5 Practices built into every lesson
  2. Explicit Learning Cycle Identification - Every lesson labeled as Develop/Solidify/Practice
  3. Coherent Teaching Cycle - Engage-Problem-Discussion-Key Points is consistent
  4. Problem-Based Philosophy - Structured progression from student thinking to formal math
  5. Focus on Teacher Facilitation - Extensive guidance on monitoring, selecting, sequencing
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Lesson 1: Checkerboard Borders

Unit 1, Algebra 1 (NHA Curriculum)


Overview

  • Lesson Type: Develop Understanding
  • Time: 55 minutes (actually needs 74 min)
  • Standard: SSE.A.1 (Seeing Structure in Expressions)
  • Grade: B+ (90%)

The Teaching Cycle

DO NOW (5 minutes)

Evaluate expressions with given variables (e.g., 10 - 3g, g = 5). Activates prerequisite skills.

ENGAGE (11 minutes)

Notice and Wonder → Independent Grouping → Turn & Talk

  • Show diagram of 6×6 white square with double border of colored tiles
  • Task: "Show how you would group the tiles to quickly count colored squares"
  • Focus is not on how many, but how to "see" the diagram

PROBLEM (35 minutes)

Context: Contractor replacing cafeteria tile needs to calculate colored border tiles for ANY size square

  • Part 1: Notice and Wonder on n×n diagram (5 min)
  • Part 2: Independent work to find expression (5 min)
  • Part 3: Turn & Talk (10 min)
  • Part 4: Whole Class Discussion using 5 Practices (15 min)

5 Practices in Action

PracticeHow
AnticipateTeacher works task, considers strategies
MonitorCirculate, ask probing questions, press for connections to visual
SelectIdentify 2-4 students with different strategies
SequenceColor → Groups → Constants → Area
ConnectFocus on how each saw diagram, make strategies explicit

KEY POINTS (10 minutes)

Build anchor chart with strategies:

  • Use color to mark diagrams
  • Look for equal groups
  • Look for quantities changing vs staying the same
  • Look for areas (rectangles and squares)

Vocabulary Introduced: Equation, Equivalent Equations, Equivalent Expressions, Variable


Critical Issues

1. Timing Problem (Rating: 4/10)

Actual time needed: 74+ minutes (34% overbudget). No buffer for transitions or questions. Teachers will either rush or cut content.

2. Exit Ticket Disconnect (Rating: 7/10)

Lesson focuses on borders around squares. Exit ticket asks about perimeter of rectangles. Different geometry, different thinking.


What NHA Does Well

  1. Task Selection - Rich, accessible, multiple entry points
  2. Discussion Orchestration - 5 Practices implemented with clear guidance
  3. Philosophical Alignment - Truly student-centered, problem-based
  4. Language Support - Comprehensive scaffolding for all learners

Summary

Grade: B+ (90%)

  • Mathematical Content: A (95%)
  • Pedagogical Approach: A (98%)
  • Implementation Practicality: C+ (78%)
  • Assessment Alignment: B- (83%)
  • Differentiation: B+ (88%)
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Lesson 2: Growing Dots

Unit 1, Algebra 1 (NHA Curriculum)


Overview

  • Lesson Type: Develop Understanding (Introducing Arithmetic Sequences)
  • Time: 55 minutes (actually needs 56-61 min)
  • Standards: BF.A.1, BF.A.2, IF.A.2, IF.A.3, LE.A.2
  • Grade: A- (91%)

The Teaching Cycle

ENGAGE (1 minute)

Ultra-brief Notice and Wonder. Show diagram of growing dot pattern (t=0: 1 dot, t=1: 5 dots, t=2: 9 dots).

PROBLEM (30 minutes)

Progressive Scaffolding: 3 → 100 → t

  • Problem 1: Mark how you see the pattern growing
  • Problem 2: How many dots at 3 minutes?
  • Problem 3: How many dots at 100 minutes?
  • Problem 4: How many dots at t minutes? Model using table, graph, and equation.

Discussion Sequencing

  1. Begin with two visual methods: petals and squares
  2. Show equations (both y=4t+1)
  3. Connect table showing difference of 4
  4. Introduce recursive thinking (adding 4 to get next term)
  5. Show graph with slope of 4
  6. Label y-intercept and slope on ALL representations

KEY POINTS (15 minutes)

Representations of an arithmetic sequence:

  • Table: Shows common difference (+4)
  • Graph: Line with slope of 4
  • Explicit Equation: f(t) = 4t + 1
  • Recursive Equation: Next = Previous + 4

Vocabulary: Arithmetic Sequence, Recursive Equation, Explicit Equation


Critical Issues

1. Engage Too Brief (Rating: 5/10)

Only 1 minute (vs 11 in Lesson 1). Too rushed for genuine mathematical curiosity.

2. Exit Ticket Doesn't Measure Learning (Rating: 6/10)

Metacognitive reflection is valuable BUT no check of whether student can actually DO the math.


What NHA Does Well

  1. Progressive Scaffolding - 3 → 100 → t is brilliant
  2. Multiple Representations - All four used and connected
  3. Recursive vs Explicit - Clear, meaningful distinction
  4. Consistent Philosophy - Multiple ways of seeing valued

Summary

Grade: A- (91%)

  • Mathematical Content: A (96%)
  • Pedagogical Approach: A (95%)
  • Implementation Practicality: B+ (88%)
  • Assessment Alignment: B (85%)
  • Differentiation: B (84%)

Improvement from Lesson 1: Timing is more realistic, task is tighter, and the progression is clearer.

Open Word Document

Lesson 3: Growing, Growing Dots

Unit 1, Algebra 1 (NHA Curriculum)


Overview

  • Lesson Type: Develop Understanding (Introducing Geometric Sequences)
  • Time: TWO 55-minute periods
  • Standards: BF.A.1, BF.A.2, IF.A.2, LE.A.2
  • Grade: A (94%)

CRITICAL NOTE: This is the first lesson designed explicitly as a 2-day lesson, solving the timing problems seen in Lessons 1-2.


Day 1 (41-46 minutes)

JUMP START (5 minutes)

Which One Doesn't Belong? - Exponent Focus

5 expressions that all equal 160. Designed to initiate thinking about exponents in preparation for geometric sequences.

GUIDED PRACTICE (10-15 minutes)

Evaluate equations when x = {1,2,3,4,5}, including both linear and exponential:

  • y = 3x + 5 (linear)
  • y = 3(4)^x (exponential)

ENGAGE (6 minutes)

Show 3 dot figures (t=1: 3 dots, t=2: 6 dots, t=3: 12 dots). Pattern: 3 groups, each DOUBLING in size.

PROBLEM (15 minutes)

  • Problem 1: Describe and label the pattern of change
  • Problem 2: How many dots at 5 minutes?
  • Problem 3: Model using table, graph, and recursive/explicit equations

Day 2 (40-47 minutes)

DISCUSSION (20-25 minutes)

Discussion Sequencing:

  1. Start with visual patterns: 3 groups doubling vs groups of 3 doubling
  2. Compare to Lesson 2: "How does growth compare to previous lesson?"
  3. Show table with first difference: "Difference is NOT constant!"
  4. Introduce common ratio: There IS a common ratio (×2) - geometric sequence
  5. Recursive equation: "2 times previous = next"
  6. Explicit equation: Show expanded table connecting to exponents
  7. Graph: "Why is graph curved?"

KEY POINTS (10-12 minutes)

Vocabulary: Geometric Sequence, Common Ratio/Change Factor

Key Distinction: Arithmetic sequences ADD (common difference), Geometric sequences MULTIPLY (common ratio)


What NHA Does Exceptionally Well

  1. Two-Day Structure - SOLVES the timing problem!
  2. Exponent Preparation - Jump Start + Guided Practice perfectly scaffold
  3. Productive Failure - Trying common difference creates need for common ratio
  4. Contrast with Arithmetic - Deepens understanding of both sequence types
  5. Extended Table - Makes exponent connection visible and explicit

Summary

Grade: A (94%)

  • Mathematical Content: A+ (98%)
  • Pedagogical Approach: A+ (97%)
  • Implementation Practicality: A+ (96%)
  • Assessment Alignment: A- (90%)
  • Differentiation: B+ (88%)

Key Achievement: The two-day format demonstrates that NHA curriculum has learned from implementation feedback and adjusted. This lesson exemplifies mature implementation of NHA philosophy.