Sound-Producing Architecture (Wind)
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Sound-Producing Architecture (Wind)

Wind-driven acoustic architecture -; Aeolian harps, Helmholtz resonators, edge-tone generators, and vortex whistles -; with the fluid dynamics worked out so a structure makes a chosen sound when the wind blows through it.

Archived Started: Summer 2025 Updated: Summer 2025

Overview

The wind branch of the Computational Acoustic Architecture work. Where the fountains use water, this uses moving air: Aeolian harps, organ-pipe arrays, Helmholtz resonator banks, vortex towers, edge-tone generators. You give it a wind speed and a target color of noise, and it sizes the structure to produce that sound -; with the flow physics modeled rather than guessed.

Background

Wind is a harder instrument to tune than water. Its speed varies, it's turbulent, and the sound comes from a handful of distinct mechanisms that each behave differently as the wind picks up. The point of the model is to make those mechanisms predictable enough to design around -; so a tower hums the note you intended across a realistic range of breezes, not just on a calm afternoon.

How It Works

The toolkit comes in three tiers: a simplified 2D flow model, a full 3D CFD pass, and a library of complex architectural geometries. The core acoustic mechanisms each have a model:

  • Vortex shedding -; the Strouhal relation sets the tone behind a bluff body, with the Strouhal number itself a function of Reynolds number.
  • Helmholtz resonance -; resonator cavities with a wind-tuned end correction.
  • Edge tones -; jet-edge interaction across a nozzle gap.
  • Turbulence -; the Kolmogorov −5/3 inertial-range slope contributes the broadband hiss.

The workhorse is vortex shedding -; the frequency a cylinder or tower sings at as air peels off it:

fₛ = St · U / D -; Strouhal vortex shedding (U = wind speed, D = body diameter; St ≈ 0.21 over the usual range)

The 2D model solves potential flow around obstacles (Laplace's equation) and computes vorticity; the 3D model steps a vorticity-based Navier-Stokes approximation on a grid (dx ≈ 0.1 m, dt = 0.001 s) and produces full velocity and pressure fields. The complex-geometry library adds parametric wave facades, fractal canopies built by L-system recursion, twisted towers with helical channels, geodesic domes, and acoustic Mashrabiya screens. Ten structure types, six materials, and the same spectral-color optimization as the rest of the CAA suite.

Current Status

Archived. The 2D model, 3D CFD, and complex-geometry generators all run and export meshes; it lives inside the larger CAA project.

  • Three modeling tiers from quick 2D to full 3D CFD.
  • Ten wind-structure types with material-dependent spectra.
  • Color optimization shared with the fountain and cityscape tools.